The Sea of Glass and the Seven Angels
[Verse 1]. John sees “another sign in heaven”. A sign means more than an event. It is an event with a message, an event with a signal. He has already seen two times earlier a sign in heaven. In the first sign Israel was centered and the Child That would come from it, that is the Lord Jesus [Rev 12:1-2]. The second sign showed the dragon and his furious attempts to kill the Child [Rev 12:3-7].
Both signs tell us about the history of Israel and what will happen to this people in the time of the great tribulation. The sign that John sees now tells us about the events that the rest of the human race will be facing. And it is not just any sign. It is “great”, which means that it is a comprehensive sign. It is also “marvelous”, for it will exceed the comprehension of everyone who will have to do with it.
The sign consists of “seven angels who had seven plaques, [which are] the last”. You have already been a witness of the seven seal judgments and of the seven trumpet judgments. Now the seven bowl judgments follow. After these seven plagues there are no more plagues. With these seven plagues the wrath God is finished and His righteous wrath has become completely silenced. But what you will see in these plagues defies every imagination. They are of unprecedented size and fierceness and they follow one another at a fast and irrepressible speed.
[Verse 2]. But before these last judgments will break loose you first see again the “sea of glass” which you also saw in Revelation 4 [Rev 4:6]. There the sea is like crystal. Here the sea is “mixed with fire”. A group of people is standing on the sea of glass. That is, the sea is the basis of their presence in heaven. These people are transparent like glass, they have become known in public. Everything in them responds to God’s holy presence; there is not a single dark stain of sin present. Therefore, they no longer need the water of purification and the sea is no longer liquid. They have also endured the test of their faith and now they are to the praise and glory and honor of Jesus Christ [1Pet 1:7].
Their faith has been tested in a way that we can hardly imagine. But I hope that their faithfulness to the Lord will encourage you and me to also remain faithful to the Lord in our trials which are so much less heavy. They have stood eye to eye with the beast in his tearing death threat, but they have gained victory over the beast.
It is a multiple victory. In the first place they overcame “the beast” himself by not bowing to him, no matter how he threatened them. With their head up, looking to heaven (cf. [Acts 7:55-59]), they died the martyr’s death. In the second place they have triumphed over “his image”, the image of the beast, by not heeding the deceiving appeal to worship this idol. In the third place they have overcome “the number of his name” by not selling their soul to take part of social life in that way [Rev 13:15-17]. Not this group but the beast is the great looser.
The result of their victory is that you see them standing here, raised from the dead, alive and singing. The harps they hold are “harps of God”. The harps were given to them by God, destined to glorify Him Who has given the power to remain standing. Their death was indeed the end of their existence on earth, but not the end of their existence for God.
[Verse 3]. And what do they sing? They sing two songs: “the song of Moses” and “the song of the Lamb”. Moses is here called “the bond-servant of God”. The company that sings his song consists of people who, like him, have been faithful servants of God. Only if you are obedient you can sing a song of deliverance. Moses sang his song with the Israelites immediately after they were delivered from Egypt [Exod 15:1-18]. It is the first song in the Bible. In that song they sing about the power of God Who has triumphed over the power of Pharaoh and his horsemen. It is a song that fits in the mouth of overcomers of the beast. This is the last time in the Bible that something is said about a song.
They also sing the song of the Lamb. They owe this song to the Lamb. It’s because of Him that they can sing this song, because He has delivered them. In the song of the Lamb they give praise to the Person of the Lamb. Through the Lamb the Israelites were delivered [Exod 12:1-13], through the Lamb all the believers of all ages have been delivered [Rev 5:9].
In the songs the “works” and the “ways” of God are sung [Ps 103:7]. The works are extensive and impressive [Verse 1]. They are ascribed to the “Lord God, the Almighty”. ‘Lord’ is His name as Master, Owner. He is the Owner of the entire creation. In this book He asserts His right over creation. As ‘God, the Almighty’ He is working to regain possession of His creation. He does not need any help from anyone. The judgments that are abundantly exercised in this book are an expression of His almighty works. Just as almighty He is in keeping His own.
As “King of the nations” (cf. [Jer 10:7]) He advances toward His goal by various ways. How hard the nations may try to stop Him in His ways, it will all appear to be useless attempts. In majesty, authority and power He exceeds far beyond them. In His dealings with them He is “righteous and true”. His ways have a righteous foundation. The different judgments that pave the way to His goal are deserved. The believers of that time understand that. They agree with it and look forward to Him [Isa 26:8-9]. In exercising judgments, He is true. There is no deception in it. He judges because He is displeased about evil and not out of gloating.
[Verse 4]. The overcomers are impressed about God’s works and ways. Can you imagine yourself or other people not fearing and glorifying the Lord if you let yourself become aware of God’s omnipotence and kingship? That’s no question for the overcomers. They see Him, they see His deeds and His goal. They also see the rebellion of the beast and his followers and the foolishness of their works and ways. In opposition to the unholiness prevailing on earth, they praise the Lord as the only Holy One. He alone is fully separated from the evil.
His “acts”, which are His righteous acts (cf. [Rev 19:11]) that “have been revealed” in His judgments, coerce the nations to draw near to Him and bow down before Him [Ps 72:11]. They will have to acknowledge that no one else is God, but He alone. The general worship of the beast gives way to the general worship of God Who alone is worthy of worship.
Pay attention that the overcomers do not sing about their own experiences, about their perseverance and their victory over the beast. They are much more occupied with the power of God, with what He has done. They are full of His righteousness and holiness. Isn’t that an indication for you to think in your thanksgiving especially of what God has done in the Lord Jesus?
[Verse 5]. With John you now get to see the preparations for the last plagues. “The temple … in heaven was opened.” You’re looking into the temple, the dwelling place of God’s holiness. This dwelling place is here closely connected to the tabernacle which is here called “the tabernacle of testimony” [Exod 25:22]; [Num 10:11]. The tabernacle was God’s transportable house during the journey of Israel through the wilderness. In the interior of the tabernacle was the ark and in the ark the two tablets of stone were placed. The two tablets of stone are ‘the testimony’. You’re looking here at the deepest inner, the heart of heaven.
The place from which the following acts are done is connected to the holiness of God (temple), as described on the tablets of stone (tabernacle of the testimony). According to those tablets, the law, God will not only judge His people, but also the world. On those tablets the demands of His righteousness and holiness are written. God has no other standard according to which He judges than the standard which He has established in the law. For those who feel the need to ‘check’ God, receive the material here. It always becomes apparent that God is justified in His words and when He prevails when He is judged [Rom 3:4].
[Verse 6]. The temple has been opened in the sight of John. Then it is not the high priest or priests whom he sees coming out of it, as you may be expecting. No, he sees “seven angels” coming out. These angels do not come from that sanctuary with blessing, but with judgment. They have “the seven plagues”, of which you have read in [Verse 1] that those are the last plagues.
The appearance of the angels fills people with respect. They are “clothed in pure bright linen”, which shows that they represent God in His holiness. Wherever they act in judgment, their purity will sharply contrast to the filthiness of the objects they judge. By this contrast the righteousness of the judgment is emphasized.
They also have the “golden sashes” girded around their chests. Their chests refer to their inner being, their heart, their feelings. Angels also have feelings. They are not insensitive machines that are executing what they were ordered to do without any feeling. The feelings of these angels are guided by the glories of God of which the gold speaks. Glories of God are all His attributes having become visible. Also in judgment glories of Him become visible, like holiness and righteousness. Everything that does not respond to those glories, represented in those golden sashes, is judged by them. In this they resemble the Lord Jesus [Rev 1:13].
[Verse 7]. Then “one of the four living creatures” comes forward. The living creatures are closely connected to the throne of God [Rev 4:6-7], the place where justice is spoken. One of them gives each of the angels a golden bowl. Each bowl is “full of the wrath of God”. The seven bowls together make clear that it is about a full wrath. The bowls are wide, shallow bowls of which the contents can easily and quickly be poured out.
When these bowls are emptied there will be nothing left over which God’s wrath has yet to come. What you see here is therefore a particular solemn but also terrible moment. The seven most terrible plagues from the history of earth are about to break loose. These plagues will be causing death and destruction. They will make an end to everything that is alive. In that way there comes an end to any form of life that had been lived without God. In God alone there is life. He “lives forever and ever”. Everything that does not draw life from Him will be tormented forever by the pains of death.
[Verse 8]. After the bowls have been distributed “the temple was filled with smoke”. This time it is not the smoke of God’s glory in which He was clothed when He came to dwell with His people in the tabernacle and in the temple on earth [Exod 40:34-35]; [1Kgs 8:10-12]; cf. [Isa 6:4]. This time it is about God’s glory that is exhibited in judgment and in which His power becomes visible. The smoke indicates that it is no longer possible to enter the temple for intercession (cf. [Lam 3:4]). The time of intercession is over.
There is no more delay, the judgments are inevitable and concluding. Only when the judgments have been fully executed and when everything that is in contrast to God has been removed, the temple can be entered again.
Both signs tell us about the history of Israel and what will happen to this people in the time of the great tribulation. The sign that John sees now tells us about the events that the rest of the human race will be facing. And it is not just any sign. It is “great”, which means that it is a comprehensive sign. It is also “marvelous”, for it will exceed the comprehension of everyone who will have to do with it.
The sign consists of “seven angels who had seven plaques, [which are] the last”. You have already been a witness of the seven seal judgments and of the seven trumpet judgments. Now the seven bowl judgments follow. After these seven plagues there are no more plagues. With these seven plagues the wrath God is finished and His righteous wrath has become completely silenced. But what you will see in these plagues defies every imagination. They are of unprecedented size and fierceness and they follow one another at a fast and irrepressible speed.
[Verse 2]. But before these last judgments will break loose you first see again the “sea of glass” which you also saw in Revelation 4 [Rev 4:6]. There the sea is like crystal. Here the sea is “mixed with fire”. A group of people is standing on the sea of glass. That is, the sea is the basis of their presence in heaven. These people are transparent like glass, they have become known in public. Everything in them responds to God’s holy presence; there is not a single dark stain of sin present. Therefore, they no longer need the water of purification and the sea is no longer liquid. They have also endured the test of their faith and now they are to the praise and glory and honor of Jesus Christ [1Pet 1:7].
Their faith has been tested in a way that we can hardly imagine. But I hope that their faithfulness to the Lord will encourage you and me to also remain faithful to the Lord in our trials which are so much less heavy. They have stood eye to eye with the beast in his tearing death threat, but they have gained victory over the beast.
It is a multiple victory. In the first place they overcame “the beast” himself by not bowing to him, no matter how he threatened them. With their head up, looking to heaven (cf. [Acts 7:55-59]), they died the martyr’s death. In the second place they have triumphed over “his image”, the image of the beast, by not heeding the deceiving appeal to worship this idol. In the third place they have overcome “the number of his name” by not selling their soul to take part of social life in that way [Rev 13:15-17]. Not this group but the beast is the great looser.
The result of their victory is that you see them standing here, raised from the dead, alive and singing. The harps they hold are “harps of God”. The harps were given to them by God, destined to glorify Him Who has given the power to remain standing. Their death was indeed the end of their existence on earth, but not the end of their existence for God.
[Verse 3]. And what do they sing? They sing two songs: “the song of Moses” and “the song of the Lamb”. Moses is here called “the bond-servant of God”. The company that sings his song consists of people who, like him, have been faithful servants of God. Only if you are obedient you can sing a song of deliverance. Moses sang his song with the Israelites immediately after they were delivered from Egypt [Exod 15:1-18]. It is the first song in the Bible. In that song they sing about the power of God Who has triumphed over the power of Pharaoh and his horsemen. It is a song that fits in the mouth of overcomers of the beast. This is the last time in the Bible that something is said about a song.
They also sing the song of the Lamb. They owe this song to the Lamb. It’s because of Him that they can sing this song, because He has delivered them. In the song of the Lamb they give praise to the Person of the Lamb. Through the Lamb the Israelites were delivered [Exod 12:1-13], through the Lamb all the believers of all ages have been delivered [Rev 5:9].
In the songs the “works” and the “ways” of God are sung [Ps 103:7]. The works are extensive and impressive [Verse 1]. They are ascribed to the “Lord God, the Almighty”. ‘Lord’ is His name as Master, Owner. He is the Owner of the entire creation. In this book He asserts His right over creation. As ‘God, the Almighty’ He is working to regain possession of His creation. He does not need any help from anyone. The judgments that are abundantly exercised in this book are an expression of His almighty works. Just as almighty He is in keeping His own.
As “King of the nations” (cf. [Jer 10:7]) He advances toward His goal by various ways. How hard the nations may try to stop Him in His ways, it will all appear to be useless attempts. In majesty, authority and power He exceeds far beyond them. In His dealings with them He is “righteous and true”. His ways have a righteous foundation. The different judgments that pave the way to His goal are deserved. The believers of that time understand that. They agree with it and look forward to Him [Isa 26:8-9]. In exercising judgments, He is true. There is no deception in it. He judges because He is displeased about evil and not out of gloating.
[Verse 4]. The overcomers are impressed about God’s works and ways. Can you imagine yourself or other people not fearing and glorifying the Lord if you let yourself become aware of God’s omnipotence and kingship? That’s no question for the overcomers. They see Him, they see His deeds and His goal. They also see the rebellion of the beast and his followers and the foolishness of their works and ways. In opposition to the unholiness prevailing on earth, they praise the Lord as the only Holy One. He alone is fully separated from the evil.
His “acts”, which are His righteous acts (cf. [Rev 19:11]) that “have been revealed” in His judgments, coerce the nations to draw near to Him and bow down before Him [Ps 72:11]. They will have to acknowledge that no one else is God, but He alone. The general worship of the beast gives way to the general worship of God Who alone is worthy of worship.
Pay attention that the overcomers do not sing about their own experiences, about their perseverance and their victory over the beast. They are much more occupied with the power of God, with what He has done. They are full of His righteousness and holiness. Isn’t that an indication for you to think in your thanksgiving especially of what God has done in the Lord Jesus?
[Verse 5]. With John you now get to see the preparations for the last plagues. “The temple … in heaven was opened.” You’re looking into the temple, the dwelling place of God’s holiness. This dwelling place is here closely connected to the tabernacle which is here called “the tabernacle of testimony” [Exod 25:22]; [Num 10:11]. The tabernacle was God’s transportable house during the journey of Israel through the wilderness. In the interior of the tabernacle was the ark and in the ark the two tablets of stone were placed. The two tablets of stone are ‘the testimony’. You’re looking here at the deepest inner, the heart of heaven.
The place from which the following acts are done is connected to the holiness of God (temple), as described on the tablets of stone (tabernacle of the testimony). According to those tablets, the law, God will not only judge His people, but also the world. On those tablets the demands of His righteousness and holiness are written. God has no other standard according to which He judges than the standard which He has established in the law. For those who feel the need to ‘check’ God, receive the material here. It always becomes apparent that God is justified in His words and when He prevails when He is judged [Rom 3:4].
[Verse 6]. The temple has been opened in the sight of John. Then it is not the high priest or priests whom he sees coming out of it, as you may be expecting. No, he sees “seven angels” coming out. These angels do not come from that sanctuary with blessing, but with judgment. They have “the seven plagues”, of which you have read in [Verse 1] that those are the last plagues.
The appearance of the angels fills people with respect. They are “clothed in pure bright linen”, which shows that they represent God in His holiness. Wherever they act in judgment, their purity will sharply contrast to the filthiness of the objects they judge. By this contrast the righteousness of the judgment is emphasized.
They also have the “golden sashes” girded around their chests. Their chests refer to their inner being, their heart, their feelings. Angels also have feelings. They are not insensitive machines that are executing what they were ordered to do without any feeling. The feelings of these angels are guided by the glories of God of which the gold speaks. Glories of God are all His attributes having become visible. Also in judgment glories of Him become visible, like holiness and righteousness. Everything that does not respond to those glories, represented in those golden sashes, is judged by them. In this they resemble the Lord Jesus [Rev 1:13].
[Verse 7]. Then “one of the four living creatures” comes forward. The living creatures are closely connected to the throne of God [Rev 4:6-7], the place where justice is spoken. One of them gives each of the angels a golden bowl. Each bowl is “full of the wrath of God”. The seven bowls together make clear that it is about a full wrath. The bowls are wide, shallow bowls of which the contents can easily and quickly be poured out.
When these bowls are emptied there will be nothing left over which God’s wrath has yet to come. What you see here is therefore a particular solemn but also terrible moment. The seven most terrible plagues from the history of earth are about to break loose. These plagues will be causing death and destruction. They will make an end to everything that is alive. In that way there comes an end to any form of life that had been lived without God. In God alone there is life. He “lives forever and ever”. Everything that does not draw life from Him will be tormented forever by the pains of death.
[Verse 8]. After the bowls have been distributed “the temple was filled with smoke”. This time it is not the smoke of God’s glory in which He was clothed when He came to dwell with His people in the tabernacle and in the temple on earth [Exod 40:34-35]; [1Kgs 8:10-12]; cf. [Isa 6:4]. This time it is about God’s glory that is exhibited in judgment and in which His power becomes visible. The smoke indicates that it is no longer possible to enter the temple for intercession (cf. [Lam 3:4]). The time of intercession is over.
There is no more delay, the judgments are inevitable and concluding. Only when the judgments have been fully executed and when everything that is in contrast to God has been removed, the temple can be entered again.
Verses that belong to this explanation: 1-8
1 And I saw another sign in heaven, great and marvellous, seven angels having the seven last plagues; for in them is filled up the wrath of God. 2 And I saw as it were a sea of glass mingled with fire: and them that had gotten the victory over the beast, and over his image, and over his mark, [and] over the number of his name, stand on the sea of glass, having the harps of God. 3 And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, Great and marvellous [are] thy works, Lord God Almighty; just and true [are] thy ways, thou King of saints. 4 Who shall not fear thee, O Lord, and glorify thy name? for [thou] only [art] holy: for all nations shall come and worship before thee; for thy judgments are made manifest. 5 And after that I looked, and, behold, the temple of the tabernacle of the testimony in heaven was opened: 6 And the seven angels came out of the temple, having the seven plagues, clothed in pure and white linen, and having their breasts girded with golden girdles. 7 And one of the four beasts gave unto the seven angels seven golden vials full of the wrath of God, who liveth for ever and ever. 8 And the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God, and from his power; and no man was able to enter into the temple, till the seven plagues of the seven angels were fulfilled.
 | Author: Ger de Koning Rank: Author Posted on: 2024-02-11 Source: Title: Revelation Author: Ger de Koning |
Seven angels appeared in heaven; prepared to finish the destruction of antichrist. As the measure of Babylon’s sins was filled up, it finds the full measure of Divine wrath. While believers stand in this world, in times of trouble, as upon a sea of glass mingled with fire, they may look forward to their final deliverance, while new mercies call forth new hymns of praise. The more we know of God’s wonderful works, the more we shall praise his greatness as the Lord God Almighty, the Creator and Ruler of all worlds; but his title of Emmanuel, the King of saints, will make him dear to us. Who that considers the power of God’s wrath, the value of his favor, or the glory of his holiness, would refuse to fear and honor him alone? His praise is above heaven and earth.
Verses that belong to this explanation: 1-4
1 And I saw another sign in heaven, great and marvellous, seven angels having the seven last plagues; for in them is filled up the wrath of God. 2 And I saw as it were a sea of glass mingled with fire: and them that had gotten the victory over the beast, and over his image, and over his mark, [and] over the number of his name, stand on the sea of glass, having the harps of God. 3 And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, Great and marvellous [are] thy works, Lord God Almighty; just and true [are] thy ways, thou King of saints. 4 Who shall not fear thee, O Lord, and glorify thy name? for [thou] only [art] holy: for all nations shall come and worship before thee; for thy judgments are made manifest.
 | Author: Matthew Henry Rank: Priest AD: 1714 Source: Title: Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible Author: Matthew Henry |
I saw….seven Angels, having the seven last plagues. Many by these understand chastisements that will fall upon the wicked a little before the end of the world, and so take these plagues and vials that are poured out, in the next chapter, mostly in a literal sense. Others apply them to different calamities that happened to heathen Rome; but the applications are so different, that they serve to convince us how uncertain they are. In the mean time St. John seems to repeat the same things in a different manner, and some times by way of anticipation, as here the saints are introduced rejoicing, in view of that happiness in heaven which is prepared for them. (Witham) — Here is a new vision, great and wonderful, seven Angels holding the figurative symbols of seven plagues. They are called the last, because in them is completed the wrath of God, being inflicted on mankind in the last period of the world, the period of Christianity. The first of these scourges takes place shortly after the commencement of the Christian era, and the seventh puts an end to the world. (Pastorini)
 | Author: George Leo Haydock Rank: Author AD: 1849 Source: Title: Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary Year (original): 1859 Number of pages: 571 Print: Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York |
This is the core of the third series, God shows us another sign, this great sign is the wonderful plans of God for man. He deals with us in every matter, uses gentleness and force; kindness and firmness, leniency and punishment. All that for the sake of the people’s good and salvation, if they turn to Him showing repentance.
In any way, this sign, that shows God's wrath to its fullness, and reveals the bitterness the world is going to taste because of evil, he saw “in heaven,” i.e. it does not happen accidentally or without planning, but it comes from heaven.
The Lord hastens to bring the believers through the Apostle's person, to see how the state of the Church is going to be in her triumph and glory, that she might not get confused when she sees the bitter punishments, so he says:
“And I saw something like, a sea of glass mingled with fire, and those who have the victory over the beast, over his image and over his mark and over the number of his name, standing on the sea of glass, having harps of God.
And they sing the song of Moses, the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying,
‘Great and marvelous are Your works, Lord God, Almighty!
Just and true are Your ways,
O King of the saints!
Who shall not fear You, O Lord, and glorify Your name?
For You alone are holy.
For all nations shall come and worship before You.
For Your judgments have been manifested” [Verse 2-4].
In any way, this sign, that shows God's wrath to its fullness, and reveals the bitterness the world is going to taste because of evil, he saw “in heaven,” i.e. it does not happen accidentally or without planning, but it comes from heaven.
The Lord hastens to bring the believers through the Apostle's person, to see how the state of the Church is going to be in her triumph and glory, that she might not get confused when she sees the bitter punishments, so he says:
“And I saw something like, a sea of glass mingled with fire, and those who have the victory over the beast, over his image and over his mark and over the number of his name, standing on the sea of glass, having harps of God.
And they sing the song of Moses, the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying,
‘Great and marvelous are Your works, Lord God, Almighty!
Just and true are Your ways,
O King of the saints!
Who shall not fear You, O Lord, and glorify Your name?
For You alone are holy.
For all nations shall come and worship before You.
For Your judgments have been manifested” [Verse 2-4].
 | Author: Tadros Yacoub Malaty Rank: Monk Posted on: 2023-01-15 Source: Title: The book of Revelation Year (original): 1996 Author: Fr. Tadros Yacoub Malaty Number of pages: 257 Publisher/Editor: St. George's Coptic Orthodox Church, Sporting, Alexandria Print: Anba Reuis Press, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt Translation: Victoria and Ramzy Malaty |
For the wrath of God always strikes the obstinate people with seven plagues, that is, perfectly, as it is said in Leviticus; and these shall be in the last time, when the Church shall have gone out of the midst.
 | Author: Victorinus of Pettau AD: 303 |
The listed verse explanations of the individual persons have nothing to do with the explanations of the other persons. This also applies to the Bible translations.
