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Job 38:1 Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said,
In my opinion, he has placed at this stage a cloud over this righteous man in order to raise his thoughts and to persuade him that “that voice” came “from above,” as [in the case] of the “mercy seat placed upon the ark of alliance.” Since the cloud is a symbol of heaven, it is as if God wanted to place heaven itself over Job, as if he had moved his throne near him. This is what also happened, it seems to me, “on the mountain,” when “the cloud” settled on it, so that we might learn that “the voice came from above.” Let us listen carefully, because it is the common Master of the universe who speaks. Let us see how he exhorts Job. Does he do it with the same vehemence of humankind? Not at all. Now we find a very clear solution to all the previous, disquieting questions, dear friends, which Job asked and to which we have tried to find a solution. - "Commentary on Job 38.1"
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Job 38:2 Who [is] this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?
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Job 38:3 Gird up now thy loins like a man; for I will demand of thee, and answer thou me.
Since Job was overwhelmed by his dejection, God encourages him with his words, so that he may pay attention to what is said now, and he introduces his speech in the form of questions, which is the best means to convince. Above all, he shows that he does everything with wisdom and intelligence, and therefore it would have been inconsistent with God, who did so many things with wisdom and intelligence, to neglect the human beings for whom he has created everything, even when they are wretched, as in this case. “What do you say?” God asks. - "Commentary on Job 38.3"
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Job 38:4 Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding.
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Job 38:5 Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the line upon it?
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Job 38:6 Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof;
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Job 38:7 When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?
“And who created at the same time the morning stars?” that is, those stars that also rise and appear in the evening. But in a different sense [we may intend], when we refer to these stars to the substances that are separated from our senses, their generation does not agree with the nature of angels. Therefore, we say that Christ is signified through the term morning and the apostles through stars; and the teachers, sons of the angels, are defined as participants in the angelic nature. - "Commentary on Job 38.7"
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Job 38:8 Or [who] shut up the sea with doors, when it brake forth, [as if] it had issued out of the womb?
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Job 38:9 When I made the cloud the garment thereof, and thick darkness a swaddlingband for it,
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Job 38:10 And brake up for it my decreed [place], and set bars and doors,
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Job 38:11 And said, Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further: and here shall thy proud waves be stayed?
He keeps [the sea] firmly within a sort of barrier, and in some perfect prescriptions of docility, as if he had given it precise commands. I have spoken, he says, and it did not reply, because that happens not only when no constraint forces it but also if the violence of an unchained power whips it quite hard. God has not allowed the sea to stand still and calm, in order that it may proclaim his power, because its nature fights against his commandments, and his commandment rules it everywhere. If water stood still, many people would have attributed its tranquility to the nature of the water; but since, in reality, it is restless and rises from inside, but without the strength to exceed its limits, its restlessness proclaims the power of God. - "Commentary on Job 38.11"
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Job 38:12 Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days; [and] caused the dayspring to know his place;
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Job 38:13 That it might take hold of the ends of the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it?
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Job 38:14 It is turned as clay [to] the seal; and they stand as a garment.
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Job 38:15 And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the high arm shall be broken.
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Job 38:16 Hast thou entered into the springs of the sea? or hast thou walked in the search of the depth?
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Job 38:17 Have the gates of death been opened unto thee? or hast thou seen the doors of the shadow of death?
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Job 38:18 Hast thou perceived the breadth of the earth? declare if thou knowest it all.
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Job 38:19 Where [is] the way [where] light dwelleth? and [as for] darkness, where [is] the place thereof,
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Job 38:20 That thou shouldest take it to the bound thereof, and that thou shouldest know the paths [to] the house thereof?
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Job 38:21 Knowest thou [it], because thou wast then born? or [because] the number of thy days [is] great?
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Job 38:22 Hast thou entered into the treasures of the snow? or hast thou seen the treasures of the hail,
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Job 38:23 Which I have reserved against the time of trouble, against the day of battle and war?
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Job 38:24 By what way is the light parted, [which] scattereth the east wind upon the earth?
Obviously this does not mean that there exist such storehouses, but he simply shows that these elements are at his complete disposal when he wants, as if he took them from his own reserves. “And is there a store of them for you against the time of your enemies, for the day of wars and battles?” You certainly understand that he wants to emphasize their opportunity, the fact that they come at the right moment and never at random. Then he equally speaks about all the rest, that is, about rain, hail and, on the other hand, about the Notus. - "Commentary on Job 38.22–23"
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Job 38:25 Who hath divided a watercourse for the overflowing of waters, or a way for the lightning of thunder;
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Job 38:26 To cause it to rain on the earth, [where] no man [is; on] the wilderness, wherein [there is] no man;
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Job 38:27 To satisfy the desolate and waste [ground]; and to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth?
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Job 38:28 Hath the rain a father? or who hath begotten the drops of dew?
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Job 38:29 Out of whose womb came the ice? and the hoary frost of heaven, who hath gendered it?
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Job 38:30 The waters are hid as [with] a stone, and the face of the deep is frozen.
God does not want to say that it comes out from his womb, God forbid! But then what do the words about “begetting” and “womb” mean in this context? As when the author said about the sea, “When its mother begot it,” he did not mean that it has a mother; so here he does not mean that [ice] came forth [literally] from God’s womb, but he wants to speak about its formation and origin.… Why then did he constantly use here the words about “begetting”? In my opinion he wants to allude to the One who is the first and only cause of everything and to the fact that creatures were shaped even before being completely perfected. - "Commentary on Job 38.28a–29a"
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Job 38:31 Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?
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Job 38:32 Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons?
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Job 38:33 Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven? canst thou set the dominion thereof in the earth?
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Job 38:34 Canst thou lift up thy voice to the clouds, that abundance of waters may cover thee?
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Job 38:35 Canst thou send lightnings, that they may go, and say unto thee, Here we [are]?
Up to this point God divides the heavenly realities in terms of those through which he punishes us, as distinguished from those through which he benefits us. Notice how the lightnings answer. They do not really mean, “What do you want?” The text wants to signify that all creatures, as though they were living creatures, bend their ear to God. Every time he wants to show the difference in their formation, God talks about “begetting” and “maternal womb.” Every time, on the other hand, he wants to show their docility and perfection, he depicts them as if they bent their ear to his call. Why did he present himself not only as a craftsman but as a father as well? This is because the art that presides over nature is quite superior to any manual art, for it is, so to speak, divine. - "Commentary on Job 38.35a–b"
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Job 38:36 Who hath put wisdom in the inward parts? or who hath given understanding to the heart?
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Job 38:37 Who can number the clouds in wisdom? or who can stay the bottles of heaven,
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Job 38:38 When the dust groweth into hardness, and the clods cleave fast together?
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Job 38:39 Wilt thou hunt the prey for the lion? or fill the appetite of the young lions,
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Job 38:40 When they couch in [their] dens, [and] abide in the covert to lie in wait?
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Job 38:41 Who provideth for the raven his food? when his young ones cry unto God, they wander for lack of meat.